Romeo - A Character Profile From Romeo and Juliet

Romeo - A Character Profile From Romeo and Juliet One of the original star-crossd lovers, Romeo is the male half of the ill-fated pair who drive the action in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. Much has been written about the origins of the character, and the influence Romeo has had on other young male lovers throughout Western literature. But Shakespeares Romeo is an enduring representative of young love gone tragically wrong.   What Happens to Romeo Most interpretations of Romeo and Juliet estimate him to be about 16 years old, and Juliet to be about 13.  The heir of the House of Montague, Romeo meets and falls in love with Juliet, the young daughter of the House of Capulet. For reasons unexplained, the Montagues and Capulets are bitter enemies, so the young lovers know their affair will anger their families.  But the titular couple isnt interested in family feuds, and quickly fall in love.    Romeo and Juliet secretly marry with the help of his friend and confidant, Friar Lawrence. But the two are doomed from the start; after Juliets  cousin Tybalt kills Romeos friend Mercutio; Romeo retaliates, killing Tybalt. He is sent into exile, only returning when he hears of Juliets death. But Juliet has only faked her death unbeknownst to Romeo, who kills himself in a fit of grief. She awakens to find him dead and takes her life, this time for real.   Was Romeos Death Fate? After the young lovers die, the Capulets and Montagues agree to end their feud. Shakespeare leaves it mostly to his audience to decide whether this means that Romeo and Juliets deaths are fated. Could the feud have been ended any other way?   Questions long debated among Shakespearean scholars: Is the outcome of the play the result of bad luck? Or were Romeo and Juliets deaths predestined as part of the legacy of their families feud? Origins of the Romeo Character Most Shakespeare historians trace the origin of the Romeo character back to Greek myth. Ovids Metamorphoses  tells the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, two young lovers in Babylon who lived next to each other and communicated through cracks in the walls, their parents having forbid them meeting because of an ongoing family feud. The similarities to Romeo and Juliet dont end there: When the pair arrange to meet finally, Thisbe arrives at the predetermined spot, a mulberry tree, to find a menacing lioness. She runs away, but accidentally leaves her veil behind. Pyramus finds the veil when he gets there and believes the lioness has killed Thisbe, so he falls on his sword (literally). Thisbe returns and finds him dead, then kills herself with his sword.   While Pyramus and Thisbe may not have been Shakespeares direct source for Romeo and Juliet, it was certainly an influence on the works from which Shakespeare drew. Romeo first appeared in Giulietta e Romeo, a 1530 story by Luigi da Porto, which was itself adapted from Masuccio Salernitanos 1476 work Il Novellino. All of those later works can, in some way or other, trace their origins to Pyramus and Thisbe.

The Meaning of the Pseudonym Mark Twain

The Meaning of the Pseudonym Mark Twain Samuel Clemens used several pseudonyms  during his long writing career. The first was simply  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Josh,† and the second was â€Å"Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass.† But, the author wrote his best-known works, including such American classics as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, under the pen name Mark Twain. Both books center on the adventures of two boys, the namesakes for the novels, on the Mississippi  River. Not surprisingly, Clemens adopted his pen name from his experiences piloting steamboats up and down the Mississippi. Navigational Term Twain literally means two. As a riverboat pilot, Clemens would have heard the term, Mark Twain, which means two fathoms, on a regular basis. According to the UC Berkeley Library, Clemens first used this pseudonym  in 1863, when he was working as a newspaper reporter in Nevada, long after his riverboat days. Clemens became a riverboat cub, or trainee, in 1857. Two years later, he earned his full pilots license and began piloting the  steamboat  Alonzo Child  upriver from New Orleans in January 1861.  His piloting career was cut short when riverboat traffic ceased at the start of the Civil War that same year. Mark Twain means  the second mark on a line that measured depth, signifying two fathoms, or 12 feet, which was a safe depth for riverboats. The method of dropping a line to determine the waters depth was a way to read the river and avoid submerged rocks and reefs that could  tear the life out of the strongest vessel that ever floated, as Clemens wrote in his 1863 novel, Life on the Mississippi.   Why Twain Adopted the Name Clemens, himself, explained in Life on the Mississippi why he chose that particular moniker for his most famous novels. In this quote, he was referring to  Horace E. Bixby, the grizzled pilot who taught Clemens to navigate the river during his two-year training phase: The old gentleman was not of literary turn or capacity, but he used to jot down brief paragraphs of plain practical information about the river, and sign them MARK TWAIN, and give them to the New Orleans Picayune. They related to the stage and condition of the river, and were accurate and valuable; and thus far, they contained no poison. Twain lived far from the Mississippi (in Connecticut) when The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was published in 1876. But, that novel, as well as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, published in 1884 in the United Kingdom and in 1885 in the United States, were so infused with images of the Mississipi River that it seems fitting that Clemens would use a pen name that so closely tied him to the river. As he navigated the rocky path of his literary career (he was beset with financial problems through much of his life), its fitting that he would choose a moniker that defined the very method riverboat captains used to safely navigate the sometimes treacherous waters of the mighty Mississippi.

Internet filtering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Internet filtering - Essay Example This proposal has been viewed as an information policy issue due to the fact that it relates to matters that pertain to restriction of information that is found in the internet. As it basically intends to protect children from viewing pornographic material found in the internet, this aim coupled with the intent to block access of material considered 'illegal' from adults by the government, as well as peer messaging has been identified by opponents of this proposal as a means through which the Australian government is restricting free flow of information. The raging debate has been fired up by the opponents as well as the proponents of this proposal who form the group of major stakeholders playing a part in creation of that filter. These stakeholders include the consumers of the internet network services, the internet providers, activists advocating for the civil rights of humans, politicians within the opposition parties, and the engineers (Price and Verhulst 2005 p76). This proposal has received major resistance from a number of stakeholders. Those who are opposed to it have presented their arguments for their opposition as can be seen below. A great number of internet consumers are opposed to the filter since they are concerned that their accessibility to information needed will be curtailed. Some of the consumers e.g. a radio presenter known as Helen Razer, have expressed their interest in and love for pornography and have expressed their concern that filtering it might limit access to it. Helen acts as a representative for the larger community that enjoys pornography and that which believes its effects are hardly damaging to both adults and children. Consumers are concerned that the information labeled by the government as 'illegal' might infringe on their rights to knowledge since the Australian government has no clear demarcations as to the extent of illegality of internet materials. Engineers e.g. Mark Newton- an engineer dealing with network in Internet Service Provision, have expressed their disapproval, providing technical evidence as to why the system is not viable. They are concerned that speed will be curtailed and that room for default is still present as the internet users can still manage to get access to the filtered information to a lesser degree. The internet providers including iiNet, Telstra as well as Internode have dogged the proposal claiming its lack of viability on the grounds of ethics, technicality and legal considerations. Politicians from the opposition on the other end, for example Dale Clapperton demonstrated their dissatisfaction by stating that there exists some legal and support issues that the Labor party would need to implement before the proposal can be implemented. They claimed the necessity of a new legislation and the support of Australian senate or some kind of major assistance from the internet Industry Association. At the sa me time the Liberals and the Greens have declared their lack of support for the legislation of this proposal. In the real sense, sufficient votes to support the legislation of the filter are lacking and this is a great incapacity on the government's side in its enactment. Activists of the rights of the children who are responsible for the welfare of the children have taken different stands regarding this proposal. Some of them have indicated their lack of

Global Operation Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Operation Management - Essay Example There are also more than 25 training centres distributed throughout the world. The official Huawei report of 2007 revealed that the corporation had realised US$12.6 billion in that financial year. Huawei’s overseas profits had increased by 60.4% from the previous year. Huawei’s evident success in such a competitive industry stems from its ventures in the local market. In 1988, Huawei began with a modest capital of RMB 20,000. It participated in reselling telephone switchboards for a period before it started producing its own products. In 1990, the Huawei Corporation invested its capital in channelling proceeds into a branch of research and development into creating its own telephone switches. In 1992, Huawei introduced its new digital switch product which came from its own design and development facilities. The company proceeds that year exceeded RMB95 million. The Huawei Corporation then made the decision to invest more capital in more research and development, which r esulted in assisting the corporation to corner the telecom market in China. At the start of the 90s, the Chinese telecom market dominated by equipment providers from the Western democracies. When the Huawei Corporation first introduced its products, it had to deal with the business rivals right in its own nation. Most Chinese consumers of electronic products viewed the products manufactured in the West as having more value as than any goods that were manufactured domestically. The Huawei Corporation at first concentrated on reaching the populations in rural China with its products. This is because these areas were not viewed as having many people interested in electronic products by the multinational corporations that dealt in electronic products. In these areas, Huawei slowly acquired a respected brand name, thus generating a faithful clientele. Then, Huawei then began to market its electronic products, as well as software, to average sized municipalities. The move to corner the ma rket in the bigger towns would come later. The Huawei Corporation experienced a considerable measure of success because the Chinese government, then, viewed the growth of the telecommunications industry as an important part of the nation’s economic objectives. The government of China extended a lot of support in terms of financial investments and policy to the Huawei Corporation. The 90s were actually the golden era of the development of the telecom industry in China. Between 1991 and 1999, the proceeds from the telecommunications industry increased by 2050%. With the support of the government, the Huawei Corporation successfully made use of the chance to be the foremost supplier of electronic goods in China. By 1996, Huawei was realising profits of RMB2.6 billion on an annual basis, making it the leading provider of telecom goods in China. The excellent performance of a corporation in its own nation is generally a fact that stimulates it towards internationalisation. The Hua wei Corporation was not contented to dominate the Chinese domestic market, but wished to compete in the international arena against bigger rivals. There were some reasons for this. Even though the telecom industry in China had great potential, fierce competition among corporations that were established in the same decade meant that proceeds would be limited even for the corporation that

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay Example for Free

Obamas Plan to Achieving Peace and Prosperity Essay In Cairo, Egypt, President Barrack Obama conducted a speech, addressing the problems that both Americans and the Muslims are facing. During his speech, Obama mentions the current issues that the whole world is facing as well as the solutions to these problems. Such solutions, according to Obama, can only be implemented by working together. Islamic Stereotypes President Obama mentions two stereotypes of the world against the Islamic civilization that are rooted in a history of hatred, division, and terrorism: (1) They are inevitably hostile to both the world and the human rights it upholds, and (2) their civilization is crude. These stereotypes are false since only Islamic extremists possess such hostility towards the world, and the Islamic civilizations progress and its contributions have been quite evident throughout history — their role in the European Renaissance and enlightenment, for instance, was invaluable. Islam is a Part of America Islamic culture has been evident within Americas borders, wherein Muslim communities enjoy the freedom to practice their religion while relishing the lifestyle brought about by American culture, which provides opportunities for people who seek a better life. Migration brought their culture into the country, and this cannot be denied because the constitution, which America upholds, protects their freedom to practice their cultural beliefs within the country. Through their citizenship and their involvement within American society, the United States integrated them as a part of America. Being Shaped by Different Cultures Throughout history, various cultures have influenced each other. For example. it has been mentioned in the speech as well as in history books that the Renaissance was brought to life by the Muslim culture when traders traveled across continents through trade routes. Thus, being influenced by other cultures is inevitable. It is primarily rooted from the need for different peoples to understand each other, and in the process, they prosper and achieve progress. There is a shared interest that drives peoples into adopting the best aspects of other cultures in order to promote a better future for everyone. Issues that Need to be Addressed In his speech, Obama enumerates certain issues that needs to be resolved in order to promote peace and prosperity. He adds that it should be an imperative for people from all cultures to work as a unified entity in order to solve the following issues: Violent extremism in all of its forms; Situation between Israelis, Palestinians, and the Arab world; Shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons; Democracy; Religious freedom; Womens rights; and Economic development and opportunity. By working together in solving these issues, he believes that the world would become better than what it is today. Obama also believes that it is a necessity to address these issues for the sake of future generations — for our children. Reference Obamas Middle East Speech: VIDEO, Full Text. (2009, June 4).

The Path of Jacob Roberts :: essays research papers

The Path of Jacob Roberts It was a beautiful day, as far as beauty goes in Juneau, and it was a rare event for a mid March afternoon. Jacob Roberts lived in a small house on the Back Loop Road, surrounded by trees. It was a blue house with a two car garage and a wooden patio that jetted out from the north face, which made the house seem content in the atmosphere of tall pine and towering spruce. The property line encompassed nine-tenths of an acre, which included the front yard and a two minute walk into the woods. The trees in the yard were positioned to only permit the entrance of sunlight for about three hours a day. As a result, the structure was tinged with lime green mold and moss on every inch. The backyard was a thick forest that punished weary travelers with a constant shadow. Even on the brightest of days, in the forest, it looked like dusk. Running parallel to the north face of the house was an old road turned path used to cut through the trees and pop out near the Episcopal Church. From the church one could reach the road via a long winding gravel parking lot, and then head south for about a mile and a half to reach Floyd Dryden Middle School. This was the path of Jacob Roberts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He was a quiet boy, but not by choice. He was quiet as the consequence of an abusive, alcoholic father who preferred the drink over the love of his family. Jacob was smart. Smart in many ways. Not only did he have an extensive knowledge of physics, chemistry, math and even politics, but he was well versed in more practical intelligence as well. This expertise involved how to take a punch, how to run without looking back, and how to slam shut a bedroom door and hold it against a lumbering drunk whose purpose was to destroy. The trick was to stay low and brace yourself. These things became more useful as time went by.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jacob loved his father, he loved him very much, but as strong as his love was, he wished his dad would fall off the face of the Earth. Jacob understood that alcohol was a destructive substance and this, he told himself, is why his father should perish.

Erikson on Play Essay

In the Modern Theories lecture, all three theorists: Freud, Vygotsky, and Piaget developed different views on social play. Erik Erikson’s play theory is similar to Vygotsky because Erikson viewed play as a necessary factor for social development. My extra credit paper is over the modern theorists. During the class lecture, I learned that Erik Erikson researched how the ego is the child’s personality and is responsible for a unified sense of self. Cognition and play was Piaget’s focus; Vygotsky researched a child’s ZPD development. Bruner researched his idea on problem solving. However, play is more way of working out personality formation a way of understanding and interpreting what a child is feeling. All three theorists were social researchers. However, Erik Erikson was most noted for his work in refining and expanding Freud’s theory of stages. He found out that adults do not play because they have reached the superego stage. Anna Freud and Lili Peller were two researchers who found out that play is a way of working out traumas and it is a basis of play therapy. Lili Peller researched how play is wish fulfillment; children have desires that they cannot fulfill, however, they play it out. Kids are working out their issues through toys. Play is a way of working out personality issues and understanding/interpreting how a child is feeling. Play is also a key feature of socialization. Corsaro developed the type of utterance reflects social status and creates social status. According to Gregory Bateson, the language of play is important; children give each other signals that play is going on. Bateson found out that the real and the unreal was not the here-and-now and the not present. Bateson agreed with others about what is going on. Children also create a â€Å"frame† where play takes place; they step in and out of the frame using codes, signals and cues. Bateson also discovered that children also step in and out of the play frame using codes, signals and cues in â€Å"as if† activities. Millard Parten was the first lady to focus on how children progress in their social interactions in peers. Mildred Parten, Ph. D. ocused on Sociology (1929); her research focused on how children progress in their social interactions with peers. I learned and remember from the lecture that according to Erikson, children are able to self heal when they play it out where adults talk it out. In auto cosmic play: play begins and centers on the child’s own body. The child’s play is the infantile form of the human ability to deal with experiences by creating model situations and to master reality by experiment and planning. Parten’s theory lead me to believe that the uninvolved stage was the first level of social play participation. I enjoyed reading about Erikson’s timeline of Auto cosmic, microsphere and macro sphere was Erikson’s theory on how children develop in psychological stages. Auto cosmic play is playing with your own body verses in which infants play with their own bodies, and going on to a toy â€Å"microsphere (the kind of play that is done with small toys),† followed by the â€Å"macro sphere: the kind of play that is done between children† of play with other children. † Autocosmic Microsphere  Macrosphere play with body play with toys play with other children The diagram above is what I learned from the presentation. Corsaro researched how children communicate with each other and â€Å"Language Serves as a way to form social groups and a hierarchy during play† and talked about a type of utterance that reflects social status and creates social status during play called Social Play Talk I questioned how play is a way of working out a person’s ideas on forming their own personality. Social play meant to me that it was one of the forms of a theorist’s ideas. Freud, Erikson, and Peller all influenced play therapy. I had a question about why Erikson found out that children had a trust vs mistrust stage when there was already an autonomy vs doubt stage. Lev Vygotsky’s theory on the ZPD made the most sense to me. Erikson built on Freud’s theory by elevating social factors over biological ones and Erikson also emphasized the id as the key to personality development. My view on social development changed from broad to specific after I read the pages on Vygotsky’s theory of the zone of proximal development. I understood more of why â€Å"Play creates a zone of proximal development of the child. † I learned that the child has different levels of development in different functions in social play. My understanding of theory changed because I became more aware of what children do in a social play setting. Cat Garvey’s theories fit into what I observed in child’s play because Garvey’s preparatory talk fits into Explicit Directions for pretend play. I understood that children need directions to do a task (word puzzle). Signals also factored into how children decide to play. I found that signals can be very helpful in understanding children’s play. My favorite play talk lead me to believe Garvey was identifying the way children can transform the environment (playhouse into kitchen) and nything they can enact on. The different ways that kids are using language to create the scenario. Boys do not really use prep talk; girls are more likely to use prep talk â€Å"let’s play house†. I did not see any theory that was not play related, however, Garvey’s play theory was NOT helpful in explaining other types of nonverbal play and games. Eac h theorist’s ideas were based off of their own philosophy and beliefs that play were relevant to children’s purpose and context in social development. I was impressed that the modern theorists had some idea to describe and understand children’s social experiences.

Calvin’s Ideas About the Church Organisation Essay

There are many factors which are important to examine in determining the main reason for the success of the Genevan Reformation, for example Calvin’s ideas about the Church organisation and Calvin’s leadership and personal impact, the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism and Calvin’s ability to overcome his opponents. Calvin himself placed a strong emphasis on The Ecclesiastical Ordinances, differing from Luther who left organization to the Princes. As it was vital to him, in 1541 Calvin drafted an ecclesiastical constitution for Geneva which should be accepted in return for him taking on responsibility for the spiritual welfare of the city. With some modifications it was approved by the political authorities and set in place a Calvinist Church order. Calvin believed there must be a strict structure to preach the Word and it consisted of four orders of ministers: Pastors to teach, preach, administer the Word and publicly and privately ‘admonish’ people’s conduct, Doctors to teach true doctrines and act as teachers in schools, Deacons to care for the poor, needy and sick who were chosen by the Little Council and finally the Elders who were to ‘supervise every person’s conduct and to warn backsliders and those of a disorderly life’; 12 lay people from different parts of the city. Those who failed to comply with Calvin’s strict standards could be punished by the Calvinist court. The Consistories were independent of civil courts and secular authorities. It was hard to argue with this model as it was based on the scriptures and was widely copied. After 1555 his authority was unchallenged and the Little Council even adopted practices of the Grabeau. The Ordinances indoctrinated children in a sense; soon there was a generation who knew nothing but his teachings. However, this links to the previous exposure of Geneva to Protestantism, as Calvin offered an appealing solution in a time of religious crisis in the country. There were a small number of Genevan Reformers in the 1520s such as Farel and Viret. Both Lutheran and Zwinglian reformations were making great progress and the city of Berne had also carried out a reformation in 1528. Despite this, the Council could not make a decision and churches were ransacked, masses suspended and the cathedral clergy lef t. Three months later there was a feeling of apathy as to what would replace the broken Catholic Church. Calvin came to Geneva offereing a truly reformed faith that was well ordered and supported authority. This appealed to many and he offered an alternative to Lutheranism which he felt had not ‘gone far enough’. This links to the next point, as Calvin himself was key in asserting authority through fear and his own charisma in order to gain support, for example as he was cunningly able to use the current situation in Geneva to manipulate the Council into seeing his ideas as desirable and accepting many of his radical proposals. In many ways Calvin should have been a poor leader; he was an intense scholar and mostly in poor health but he inspired admiration rather than affection. Calvin himself is quoted to have said that the citizens of Berne ‘have always feared rather than loved me’. His single-minded, totally focused approach partly explains his success- also as a theologian and debater many suggested there was no equal. Finally, this links into the next factor that Calvin’s opposition was suppressed, so in most aspects there was no equal contestant, although it was a 14-year struggle. Calvin experienced both religious and political/social opposition. In 1542 Sebastian Castellio who was appointed as head of the Genevan college by Calvin claimed that a book in the Old Testament was in fact an erotic poem which should not be included in the scriptures; which Calvin felt this was an attack on. Castellio left Geneva and was expelled on his return by the Syndic due to Calvin’s convincing. The Michael Servitus affair is also a strong example of Calvin’s effective suppression of religious opposition. He was a Spanish theologian who adopted extreme views and became offended when others did not accept them, eg. he condemned infant baptism and the Doctrine of the Trinity. He was suspected of heresy so went undercover in Vienna where he wrote a book and sent a copy to Calvin. Calvin recognized his work and sent authorities to where he was, but he escaped. Although he later turned up to one of Calvin’s sermons and was then burned at the stake. Diarmaid MacCulloch claims that many people opposed Calvin because they disagreed with his simple laws against e.g. dancing and singing. Some opposition was on the basic principle of who was in charge, the civil government was run by aristocrats and the Church by highly educated French elite so battles were always over who would decide punishments for wrongdoers. The Libertines were constantly called before the Consistory for bad conduct eg. dancing, making obscene gestures and gambling etc. Perrin was part of the Syndic however when he began to complain and demand more power, therefore Syndics began to support Calvin against him. The Libertines were removed from all Genevan councils and fled or were tortured/executed. To conclude, I think that a number of factors were important in the success of the Genevan Reformation, and Calvin’s presence underpins all of them. Although Calvin has been accused of a ruthless approach I believe that his success in suppressing opposition was vital the Reformation as it disallowed powerful opposition from crushing Genevan efforts. I then think that the structure of the Church under Calvin was the next important as many found it hard to fault this approach and it became widely used. Calvin personally was important in the Reformation as it was key that he was able to appeal to or incite fear in people in order to achieve his aims, but this ties in with his ability to suppress opposition. Lastly then, although I found the situation in Geneva and its exposure to Protestant ideas again vital, there were many key factors and it would be wrong to suggest that none played any role in the spread and success of Protestantism in Geneva.

SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. The WritePass Journal

SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. Introduction SWOT, PESTEL and Porter Analysis of Diggers Inc. IntroductionMarket Orientation:The historical development of market orientation:Market orientation in the USA and Europe:Organizational and managerial characteristics of market-orientated companies:Implanting market orientation in organizations:SWOT AnalysisStrengths of Diggers Inc:Weaknesses of Diggers Inc:Opportunities for Diggers Inc:Threats of Diggers Inc:SWOT analysis of CATStrengths of CAT:Weaknesses of CAT:Opportunities for CAT:Threats of Diggers Inc:PESTLE Analysis of Diggers Inc:Political EnvironmentEconomic Environment:Social Environment:Technological Environment:Marketing Mix:Nature of Marketing-MixReferences:Related Introduction Market Orientation: Market orientation is the implementation of the marketing concept. Being oriented marketing is more than just being directed to the customer. It requires the full support of the organization, is fully implemented in the long term and, in fact, you may need a complete change in the culture of an organization. The historical development of market orientation: A parallel can be drawn between the development of an organization and a national economy. Market orientation develops through stages, especially, production, sales and market orientation may be related to supply and demand relations and conditions of competition. Market orientation in the USA and Europe: The development of market orientation was different between the U.S. and Europe, the first, in late 1950, was beginning to recognize the need to put the customer first. In Europe, for its part, the marketing development later due to IInd world war, delay in market integration, heavy regulation, public sector involvement, a strong national identity, the projectionist trends, differences in language, traditions and business practices and a dilatory approach to marketing education. Organizational and managerial characteristics of market-orientated companies: The dilemma of meeting the needs of clients and organizations need to be explored. Research has identified two types of organizations and market orientation: type A and type B-. We must also recognize that the management of a company play a key role in guiding the market and there is indeed a strong relationship between marketing orientation and organizational learning. Implanting market orientation in organizations: The role of management in market orientation can be explored. Market orientation requires a strategic commitment to the organization. It may also require several changes that need to be managed. The guidelines and action plan for the implementation of market orientation can be explored. The growth of their business is based upon a strategy of pure diversification into related business areas, and a true belief throughout the Diggers Inc organisation ‘top-down’ of being customer orientated. The marketing activities are carried out under a well-thought-out philosophy of efficient, effective, and socially responsible marketing of DIGGERS. In fact, there are five competing concepts under which organizations conduct marketing activities: production concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, and societal marketing concept. As the product concept, this has led to more than 300 individual products are now available to meet real customer needs. The marketing concept excavators enlists the help of 680 dealers around the world (26,800 troops), which have a long and established history of working closely with them for many years. Most of them are locally owned businesses and independent. This is often to provide not only considerable added value, but also a competitive advantage, as the distributors work closely with people who know and trust, in areas they know well. Dealers offer a service and spare parts, and financing, while a network of more than 1200 outlets worldwide offering a rental service excavators Inc. To support all this, the infrastructure has 23 distribution centers located in 11 countries, fully supported by the Diggers Inc Team Training Division. SWOT Analysis A tool used by organizations to help the company establish its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). (Kotler, 1988: 80.). A SWOT analysis is used as a framework to help the company develop its overall corporate marketing or product strategies. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors that are controllable by the organization. Opportunities and threats are external factors that are uncontrollable by the organization. Caterpillar â€Å"CAT† is   considered as the big competitor of Diggers due its product line and   company size. In terms of Diggers Inc, its SWOT analysis is as under: Strengths of Diggers Inc: It offers more than 300 products for the real need of its customers. It has 680 dealers worldwide to sell their products. It has 75000 personnel workforce, worldwide. The dealers work closely with people they know well and trust, in areas/regions they know well. To support all this, the infrastructure has 23 distribution centres located in 11 different countries. Weaknesses of Diggers Inc: As the company’s base business is machinery so it will be very difficult to go in new product line. Diggers Inc has a reputation for new product development and creativity. However, they remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation may falter over time. The organization has a strong presence in the UK and United States of America with more than three quarters of their outlets located in the home market. It is often argued that they need to look for a portfolio of countries, in order to spread business risk. The organization is dependent on a main competitive advantage, the retail of machineries and engines. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. Opportunities for Diggers Inc: ‘DIGS’ name becoming a worldwide clothing and footwear brand. Diggers Inc can expand its business to 3rd world countries. Diggers Inc has differentiated again with the ‘DIGS’ name becoming a worldwide clothing and footwear brand. Threats of Diggers Inc: New entrants threats is always present for the Diggers Inc CAT can be a big threat for the Diggers Inc. Government policy e.g. taxation, laws can be big threats. SWOT analysis of CAT Strengths of CAT: It offers more than 300 products for the real need of its customers. It is spread in 23 counties worldwide to sell their products. It has 28310 personnel workforce. To support all this, the infrastructure has 60 distribution centres located in 23 different countries. Weaknesses of CAT: As the company’s core business is related to machinery and engine manufacturers, so it will be very difficult to go in new product line. Diggers Inc has a reputation for new product development and creativity in engineering sector. However, it may be possible that their innovation may not work in new SBUs. The organization is dependent on a main competitive advantage, the retail of machineries and engines. This could make them slow to diversify into other sectors should the need arise. Opportunities for CAT: CAT name becoming a worldwide footwear and Clothing (trousers and caps) brand. CAT has strong grip in 3rd world countires including India and China. CAT is known for its name and logo can be in cash for marketing activities, where appropriate, in terms of new product line. Threats of Diggers Inc: New entrants threats   from BRIC block is always present for CAT, specially from China. CAT can be a big threat for the Diggers Inc. Government policy e.g. taxation, laws can be big threats. PESTLE Analysis of Diggers Inc: PEST LE of PEST analysis, as an analysis framework of macro-environmental factors, is also referred as STEP (Clulow, 2005), SEPT (Narayana and Fahey, 1994: 199-202) or STEEP (Voros, 2001). According to Ward and Rivani (2005), PEST analysis assumes that specific external and indirect circumstances that characterized the business environment are able to influence organizational capacity to produce value.   It is important to identify factors that in turn can affect a number of vital variables that can influence the organizations supply and demand levels and costs. The radical and permanent changes occurring in society create an environment of uncertainty and have an impact on the function of the entire organization. A series of checklists have been developed as a way of cataloging the large number of potential problems that may affect an industry. A PEST analysis is one of them is not a framework that categorizes environmental influences as political, economic, social and technologic al. Sometimes two additional factors, environmental and legal, will be added to make PESTEL analysis, but these issues can be subsumed under others. The analysis examines the impact of each of these factors (and their interaction with others) in the business. The results can be used to exploit opportunities and making contingency plans for threats in the preparation of business and strategic plans claims that PEST analysis is a strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position the potential and direction of operations. Political Environment Political Environment is the laws, official regulations, rules and guidelines some of which are designed to protect people, consumers and communities. Some are designed to make contracts enforceable and to protect property rights. Many are designed to regulate the behavior of the managers and their subordinates. There is relatively little that a manager can do in any organization that is not in some way concerned with, and often specifically controlled by, the existence, introduction or change in laws or regulations. In terms of Diggers Inc, the political environment is suitable and stable in Europe and USA. However, in UK where the recent increased in Tax and new legislation from the Conservatives, central bank’s interest rates can also affect the buying power of customers. Economic Environment: After the latest episode of recession, the economy is recovering slowly, which also can affect the buying power of the customers due to less launching of new development projects in UK. (Guardian, 2010). The Inflation rate has increased to 3.4% which is also a negative sign for the UK’s economy. Source: â€Å"statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=19† Social Environment: The living standard of dropped and people are less spending due to cuts in jobs and inflation. Most of the UK people will be found on low price shops. Although the Diggers Inc has a good reputation in the market, yet it’ll face a huge competition from its revivals especially in clothing and shoes. Technological Environment: The technology is always changing rapidly, so that organizations must adapt quickly in terms of product and process, then convert resources and advances in the opportunities and competitive advantage. As the diggers Inc, has capacity to make any changes to your core business or new business units for its competitive advantage to others. From the above analysis, we conclude that although the Diggers Inc has much competition in its counterpart and revivals, however, is able to embrace change and increase business by building new strategic business units in the industry. To cope with the global recession, which has infected the spending of individuals, the Diggers needs to invest more in R D for diversified business areas, and should use outsourcing to maximize sales by offering cheaper products to its customers. Marketing Mix: According to Stanton, (2000) marketing mix is a combination of four elements (4Ps)Product, Pricing structure, Physical distribution system, and Promotional activities used to satisfy the needs of an organization’s target market (s)and, at the same time, achieve its marketing objectives. Every business enterprises have to determine its marketing-mix for the satisfaction of needs of the customers. Marketing-mix represents a blending of decisions in four areas-product, pricing, promotion and physical distribution. These elements are inter-related because decision in one area usually affects actions in the others. The basic purpose to determining the marketing-mix is to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers in the most effective manner. As the needs of customers and the environmental factors change, the marketing-mix is also changed. Thus, marketing-mix is a dynamic concept. It concentrates on how to satisfy the needs of the customers. Marketing-mix is a combination of several-mixes. Marketing-mix encompasses product-mix (brand, quality, weight, etc.); Price-mix (unit price, discount, credit, etc.); promotion- mix(advertising, salesmanship and sales promotion); and place-mix (distribution channels, transport, storage etc) . Nature of Marketing-Mix Marketing-mix is the marketing managers instrument for the attainment of marketing goals. It is composed of four ingredients: (i) product, (ii) pricing (iii) promotional activities, and (iv) physical distribution. These elements constitute the core of the marketing system of a firm. A marketing manager implements his marketing strategies and policies through these instruments. As the diggers Inc, has developed a new range of scale models toys because the product is good and if not, there are many competitors in the market with different prices. Diggers is to lower the price of its new line of products in the toy industry. To promote the new product, it is necessary to launch the 3D characters in the same models launched. To do this, you must also movies like Transformers the Movie or Legend of the Planet to promote their product. It is also necessary to expand its channels to sell this new product. For this you need to make their presence every street. Branding is something used to show customers that one product is different than the products of another manufacturer. For branding its products, Diggers Inc is using â€Å"I Love DIGS machines† it is a novel concept to use this logo on the caps, T-Shirts, as the company used to deal in Machinery and engines prior, and has segmented itself to a particular group, it’s this marketing strategy will sketch a clear picture of the brand in the customers’ brain. References: Guardian.co.uk. â€Å"Third quarter GDP: what the economists say† [Accessed: 27/10/2010] â€Å"guardian.co.uk/business/2010/oct/26/third-quarter-gdp-what-the-economists-say† Kotler, P. 1988. Marketing Management. New York: Prentice Hall. Narayana,V. and Fahey, L (1994), â€Å"Macroenvironmental analysis: understanding the environment   outside the industry†. In Fahey, L. Randall, R. (Eds), The Portable MBA in strategy, 2nd edition, 189 – 214, New York: Wiley Stanton. J, (2000) Marketing services to ethnic consumers in culturally diverse markets: issues and implications, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 14 Iss: 7, pp.607 618 Val Clulow, (2005) Futures dilemmas for marketers: can stakeholder analysis add value?, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39 Iss: 9/10, pp.978 – 997 Vorvos, J (2001), â€Å"Reframing environmental scanning: an integral approach†. [Online], standsadvisour.nl/buurtonwikkelaar/teks/env-scanning.pdf [Accessed 10/10/2010] Ward. D, Rivani. E, (2005), â€Å"An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-Rivani Model†.

Brennan Surname Meaning and Origin

Brennan Surname Meaning and Origin One of Irelands most frequent surnames, Brennan generally derived as a form of one of several Irish language surnames: From the Irish  Ãƒâ€œ Braonin, meaning descendant of  Braonn.  The Irish personal name Braonn is believed to mean sorrow, from the Irish  braon, meaning moisture or drop.From the Irish names Mac Branin and Ó Branin, both meaning descendant of Brann,  from the given name Brann, derived from  bran, meaning little raven. The Mac Branin were chiefs of a large territory in present-day County Roscommon, and many of the Brennan families in the counties of Mayo, Sligo and Roscommon descend from them. The OBrennans were chiefs of the  Uà ­ Duach sept located in northern Osraighe (Ossory), which  included all of county Kilkenny and part of county Laois. Brennan is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland.   Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  BRENNEN, MCBRENNAN, MACBRENNAN, BRANNON, BRANNAN, BRANNEN, BRANNIN, OBRAONAIN, BRANNY Where do People with the Surname BRENNAN Live? Irish Brennan families were very widespread, settling in Fermanagh, Galway, Kerry, Kilkenny, and Westmeath. According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Brennan last name are now found in largest numbers in central Ireland, especially in County Sligo and the province of Leinster. The surname is much less common in Northern Ireland. Famous People with the Surname BRENNAN Walter Brennan - American actor, veteran of over 100 filmsWillie Brennan - Irish highwayman of legend, immortalized by Brennan on the MoorWilliam J. Brennan Jr. - former US Supreme Court justiceMaeve Brennan - Irish short story writer and journalist Genealogy Resources for the Surname BRENNAN The Brennans of ConnachtPat Brennan has put together a great deal of information on the origins of the Brennan surname, genealogies of early Brennan families, a list of MacBranan chiefs, and history of the families after the famine. British Surname Profiler - Distribution of the Brennan SurnameTrace the geography and history of the Brennan surname through this free online database based on a University College London (UCL) project investigating the distribution of surnames in Great Britain, both current and historic. Brennan Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Brennan surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Brennan surname query. FamilySearch - BRENNAN GenealogyAccess over 1.9 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Brennan surname and its variations. BRENNAN Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Brennan surname. DistantCousin.com - BRENNAN Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Brennan. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Business at the Base of the Pyramid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business at the Base of the Pyramid - Essay Example 4). Survival for companies, at the base of the pyramid, directly hinges on the level of innovation that is put into the products (Prahaland 2002, p. 5). Achieving new levels of capital efficiency is a pre-requisite to profitable operation at the base of the pyramid (The European Alliance 2008, p. 11). The emphasis of business structure remodeling should be to produce innovative product using innovative means. This in turn necessitates the need to adopt innovative manufacturing processes. The guiding principle that should be adopted is the production of commodities that aid the community in meeting its development objectives (The European Alliance 2008, p. 10). The simple fact is that positioning a product to enhance the lives of the poor has a variety of advantages, chief of which is the financial advantages that will accrues from this approach (London 2007, P.9). The approach that should be adopted by the firms, which focus on the bottom of the pyramid, should entail employing an in novative manufacturing process, which will reduce the overall cost of production. This is in line with the fact that operating at the bottom of the pyramid entails lowering of prices and repackaging products into financially friendly units. This is best exemplified by the approach adopted by HLL India (Prahaland 2002, p. 6). The firm launched a new product called Wheel which essentially reduced the ration of oil to water in their detergent. When this was coupled with the low cost pricing strategy that they had set up, the result was a booming product which appealed to the poor consumer. This then ushers in the point of distribution. In order to target, effectively, the bottom of the pyramid, there must be systems that have been put in place, to ensure that the distribution mechanisms are able to access, effectively, the poor people (Prahaland 2002, p. 5). The lack of equitable wealth distribution restricts the poor to the sidelines of the global economy. This is regardless of the ve rity that they comprise a significant portion of the population. The status and nature of the poor makes it extremely difficult to reach via the conventional models that have reigned supreme using traditional business models (International Finance Corporation 2007, p. 3). The appropriate structure should be to position sales points to the small outlets, which are frequently used by the poor. These small outlets are characteristics of the dwellings of the poor. As such, should constitute as sales points for the business models of the bottom of the pyramid. Efficient distribution systems have greater potential of providing to large and untapped market. The largest being sourced from the rural poor. As such, with models that encompass structuring distribution points in the rural areas are better placed to tap these large and exponentially growing markets (Schrader, Freimann and Seuring 2012, p. 289). This is best done by structuring the business model to bring the product closer to the customer (The European Alliance 2008, p. 13). This in turn ushers in the need to check on the infrastructure. As such, this necessitates the need to incorporate NGOs and the government into a mutually benefitting partnership (The European Alliance 2008, p. 10). Aside from this, another vital aspect, to take into consideration is

Strategic planning and development ( tourism perspective) Essay

Strategic planning and development ( tourism perspective) - Essay Example The company’s operations diversify in two broad categories of renewable energy and sustainable technology. Thereby the company requires abiding by the ethical issues with great concern in order to attain the efficacy of its operations. Masdar, in this regard, functions through five incorporated divisions such as the graduate university which primarily focuses on researches related to the renewable energy production and other components of the sustainable technologies industry. It is noteworthy that the company, being controlled by the Abu Dhabi government, has noticeably confirmed its position as a catalyst to accelerate the economic diversification of the country (Masdar, n.d.). 2. Purpose of the Organization The organization, being associated with the renewable energy and sustainable technologies industry, must abide by the issues related to the environmental aspects of the economy such as the natural resources, the socio-cultural factors and others. Considering the fact it can be stated that the purpose of the organization is highly depended on the industrial growth and its future prospect. In this milieu, the vision and mission statements of the company focus on the overall development of the economy in the global perspective in terms of knowledge, implementation and expansion of the renewable energy and sustainable technologies industry (Masdar, n.d.). Apart from these, the company also aims to contribute to the economic diversification through the expansion of its export base, stimulating entrepreneurship in the private-sector, investing in educational and research initiatives in order to encourage innovative ideas, generate skilled knowledge workers and others. The key purpose of the company also includes increasing the economy’s non-oil share in the global market. With this purpose, the company is concentrated on the prioritized sectors of the economy such as media, tourism, transportation & logistics and aviation & aerospace (Masdar, n.d. ). 3. Identified Problem of the Company and the Opportunity of the Strategic Plan The core values of Masdar have been defined by emphasizing on various attributes active in its micro and macro environment, such as the organizational objectives and the nature of the industry. These values demonstrate one of the major problems of the company, i.e. to market the clean technology products as commercially viable in order to reward a swift and sustainable growth to the economy (Masdar, n.d.). Therefore, the strategic plan that is to be illustrated in this paper is aimed to the purpose of the organization with a significant concern on the challenging factors most likely to be witnessed by the company. In this regard, the planning will be based upon the travel and tourism sector of the economy. It is basically due to the fact that the travel and tourism industry in the current phenomenon is highly prioritized by the economy. Additionally, the growth prospect of the industry is termed to be substantial in the near future which can ensure a sustainable growth to the company in marketing its products. Furthermore, the industry is recorded to grow with rapidity with an increased demand of technology which again enhances the growth perspective of the company and the economy at large. Hence, the plan shall reward the company with opportunities related to its expansion and the growth of the economy in the near future. 4. Goals of the Plan To be precise, the